Wnt proteins are a family of secreted glycolipids involved in the regulation of embryogenesis ａnd tissue homeostasis. The Wnt pathways are fundamental in cell proliferation, cell polarity ａnd cell fate determination. Misregulation of these signaling pathways has been linked to several human pathologies such as cancer, diabetes ａnd some inherited diseases.
Wnt蛋白是参与调控胚胎发生和组织稳态的分泌糖脂家族。 Wnt通路是细胞增殖，细胞极性和细胞命运决定的基础。 这些信号传导途径的失调与几种人类疾病如癌症，糖尿病和一些遗传疾病有关。 There are three well-studied Wnt signaling pathways. The most established pathway, Wnt/beta-catenin, is highly conserved throughout metazoans ａnd serves as a stem cell niche signal. This pathway retains an inactivated or activated state, ａnd as such regulates the amount of transcriptional co-activator beta-catenin. In the absence of Wnt, cytoplasmic beta-catenin protein is constantly degraded by the action of ‘destruction complex”. In the activated state, Wnt binds to a receptor complex containing Frizzled (Fzd) ａnd low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6), the destruction complex is inactivated allowing the stabilization ａnd nuclear import of beta-catenin.
The other two pathways are the Planar pathway ａnd the Wnt/calcium pathway. Both function independently of beta-catenin. Wnt also regulates a number of other signaling pathways still being actively researched.
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