MAPK diverse_plants：Our current studies focus on five MAPK cascades, including those involved in osmotic stress responses, Flg22 peptide-mediated defense responses, the ethylene pathway, ａnd auxin ａnd H2O2 signaling. The overall strategy involves the identification ａnd cloning of the complete set of Arabidopsis genes encoding MAPKs, MAPKKs, MAPKKKs, ａnd relevant protein phosphatases. Transient expression of epitope-tagged MAPKs, MAPKKs, ａnd MAPKKKs will be used to determine which MAPK cASCades respond to particular abiotic or biotic stress or hormone signals in Arabidopsis ａnd maize protoplasts. Constitutively active ａnd dominant negative forms of these MAPKKKs ａnd MAPKKs will be used to identify specific reporter genEs associated with particular signaling pathways. DNA array technology will be used to analyze MAPK-related gene expression patterns, ａnd to reveal new downstream targets ａnd crosstalk between specific MAPK cascades. Identification of Arabidopsis knockout mutants corresponding to key MAPK-related regulatory genes will be initiated. Transgenic Arabidopsis, maize ａnd soybean plants that overexpress particular engineered MAPKKK ａnd MAPKK genes will be generated. The transgenic plants will be tested for the exhibition of agronomically useful traits.
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