上海爱泽工业设备有限公司
第4年
当前位置：阿仪网 > 上海爱泽工业设备有限公司 > 新闻动态 > 如何选择最适合您安装需求的减震支架（中英文）
发布时间：2026/10/28 8:31:31关注度：101
根据应用技术参数、预算要求或固有频率指标，可以选择多种类型的隔振器。
工业设备通常安装在包含多个弹性环节的平台上。例如，支撑结构中的轮子或框架本身就具有一定的弹性，而这种弹性会影响整个系统的固有频率。理论上，为了进行精确的隔振计算，应当将所有这些弹性环节都纳入考量。
由于获取如此详尽的输入数据非常困难，通常采用简化的数学模型来获得具有参考价值的估算结果。在计算过程中，将被支撑的设备视为刚体，同时纳入“故障安全”（fail-safe）支撑设计（即集成安全保障），并分析不同方案下的系统稳定性。AMC-MECANOCAUCHO® 在此类计算中，重点关注橡胶硬度以及系统的 6 个自由度。通过这种隔振计算，可以得出系统的 6 个固有频率；结合已知的输入振动条件，便能评估该隔振系统预期的隔振性能。
下图展示了此类计算的一个示例。
According to the technical parameters of your application and the requested budget or natural frequency requirement, several types of vibration isolators can be selected.
Industrial machines can be installed on platforms where several elastic steps are present. Wheels or frames depending on their construction have their own elasticity. This elasticity will affect the natural frequencies of the system. In theory, in order to have precise vibration isolation calculations we should take all the elastic steps in consideration.
Since this level of input data is very hard to achieve, simplified mathematical models can be used to provide us with a good guidance value. Calculations that take into consideration the suspended element as a solid (rigid body) and take into account the fail-safesupports (integrated security) and analyze the stability that we obtain with the different solutions. The hardness of the rubber and the 6 degrees of freedom are AMC-MECANOCAUCHO®'s preference. This kind of vibration isolation calculation will be able to provide us the 6 natural frequencies of the system, knowing the input vibration we can then understand the expected vibration isolation performance of the suspended system.
In the image below we show an example of this type of calculation.
根据支撑结构的几何形状以及橡胶硬度的不同，各类减振器（隔振器）的承载能力各异。因此，选型的第一步是筛选出符合承载要求的产品。为此，需要明确每个支撑点所承受的重量。
作为一项通用准则，为确保产品在整个使用寿命期间具备良好的耐用性，AMC建议减振器的实际负载不要超过其额定承载能力的 85%。
Depending on the geometry of the support, and the hardness of the rubber we can have different load capacities for each vibration isolator. Therefore, the first stage of the selection would be to narrow the options to the products with the required load capacities. For this, we must know the weight per support.
As a standard default range, and to ensure a good durability throughout the product life, AMC Mecanocaucho® does not recommend loading the anti-vibration mounts over 85% of their load capacity.
工业机械用途各异，其工况也随之不同。
通常，各类应用可大致分为两大类：静态应用和动态应用。在评估不同系列的减振器时，请务必考虑这一点。
静态应用：指被支撑的设备或物体处于静止状态的情况。在此类应用中，对支撑件进行选型时，稳定性和防失效安全性的考量优先级相对较低（相较于动态应用而言）。对于此类工况，可选用较软的橡胶减振器，并将负载控制在其额定承载能力的 70% 至 85% 之间。
不同类型的机械，其输入振动频率各不相同且可能发生变化。因此，需要对被支撑系统的固有频率进行分析与调节，以实现良好的稳定性并达到最佳的隔振效果。在此过程中，AMC-MECANOCAUCHO 的应用工程师可为您提供专业的建议与支持。
动态应用：指涉及运动、动态载荷、冲击等工况的应用。在此类情况下，必须选择具备“防失效安全”（集成安全）功能的支撑件，并分析不同解决方案所能提供的稳定性。支撑件的橡胶硬度及其阻尼系数至关重要。由于存在动态载荷，必须避免支撑件过载，从而留出一定的负载余量，以应对最严苛的工况时刻。
以下是AMC针对各类应用所建议的负载范围：
Industrial machinery has different utilities and therefore a different type of work.
Generally, the different applications can be divided into two large families, static applications, and dynamic applications. It is advisable to keep this in mind when reviewing the different families of anti-vibration mounts.
Static applications: these are cases in which the equipment/object to be suspended does not move. For this reason, stability and safety against failure is an issue that is not as important as in dynamic applications when selecting the appropriate support. In these cases, we could go with soft rubber harnesses, and load the mounts to 70-85% of their load capacity.
The frequency of the input vibration can differ and be variable for each type of machine. Therefore, the natural frequency of the suspended element is studied and tuned in order to achieve good stability and also optimum vibration isolation levels. For this purpose, AMC-MECANOCAUCHO applications engineers will be able to help and give you recommendations.
Dynamic applications: these are applications that present movements, dynamic loads, shocks, etc. In these cases, we need to select fail-safe supports (integrated security) and analyze the stability that we obtain with the different solutions. The hardness of the rubber and the damping coefficient offered by each type of support is of great importance. As we can have dynamic loads, it is necessary not to load the supports excessively, in order to have a load margin for the most demanding moments.
These are the load ranges recommended by AMC for each type of application:
有些设备会受到瞬态冲击，例如来自其行驶地面（如减速带、坑洼等）的冲击。在此类情况下，冲击频率通常较低，因此更适合选用低刚度的隔振器。这种特性使系统能够获得较低的固有频率，从而降低传递至设备上的加速度。
通过使用低刚度隔振器可以实现较低的固有频率，这虽然有利于隔振，但过于柔软的隔振器可能会导致被支撑部件变得不稳定。为了增强系统的稳定性，可以引入带有阻尼系统的隔振器；如下图所示，这有助于被支撑部件更快地趋于稳定。
Some machines are exposed to transient shocks, such as inputs from the terrain they are driving on (speedbumps, potholes etc.) In these kinds of cases the frequency is generally low, therefore low stiffness vibration isolators are preferred. This property allows the mount to reach low natural frequencies of the system and reduce the accelerations reaching the machine.
Low natural frequency is achieved through low stiffness vibration isolators, this is good for vibration isolation however soft vibration isolators can lead to unstable suspended elements. In order to add stability to the system vibration isolators with damping systems can be introduced, this allows the suspended element to stabilize faster as shown in the graphic below.
下图展示了液压支架的剖面，并以不同颜色标示了液体在各腔室间转移时的流速。能量耗散正是通过这种液体转移过程实现的。这些产品可进行调节，以满足特定应用场景对刚度和阻尼的需求。AMC-MECANOCAUCHO® 的应用工程师能够进行计算，并选出最适合应用需求的隔振元件参数。
The image below shows the section of the hydraulic mount and the speed of the liquid transfer from chamber to chamber in colors. The energy dissipation is done through the liquid transfer. These products can be tuned to meet the required stiffness and damping for each application. AMC-MECANOCAUCHO® applications engineers can calculate and select the optimum properties of the vibration isolator for your application.
另一个需要分析的要素是所求得的固有频率。根据实际应用中产生的激励频率，计算得出的固有频率可反映预期的隔振效果。
固有频率与激励频率之间的差距越大，隔振效果就越好。
若将所求得的最高阶固有频率乘以 √2，即可得到隔振开始生效的频率点。
如果需要较低的固有频率，则应选择更“软”的方案（即降低刚度“k”），同时确保满足必要的承载能力要求。
Another point to analyze are the natural frequencies obtained. Depending on the excitation frequency that is produced in the application, the natural frequencies that are obtained during the calculation will indicate the level of expected vibration isolation.
The further away the natural frequencies are from the excitation frequency, the greater the isolation level will be.
If we take the highest natural frequency mode obtained and multiply it by √2 we will obtain the frequency at which we will start to have vibration isolation.
If a low natural frequency is needed, we will need to select softer solutions (lower stiffness ‘’k’’), maintaining the necessary load capacity.
因此，根据目标频率的不同，其中一种支撑方式会比另一种更为合适。
橡胶-金属类及 Sylomer® 解决方案：
Therefore, depending on the target frequency, one type of support will be more appropriate than the other.
Rubber-metal and Sylomer® solutions:
采用这些解决方案，所能获得的最低固有频率约为 8–10 Hz。为此，建议选用最软的橡胶材料（硬度 40–50 Shore A）以及密度较低的 Sylomer® 材料。
若应用场景要求固有频率低于 8 Hz，则必须使用能够实现更大位移的支撑装置（即弹簧隔振器）。
减振器+Sylomer弹簧支架
With these solutions the lowest natural frequencies obtained are around 8-10Hz. For this it is recommended to use the softest rubber compounds (40-50Sh) and lower Sylomer® densities.
If the application needs to have lower frequencies than 8Hz, we will need surely the use of supports that allow larger displacements (Spring mounts).
Vibrabsorber+Sylomer® Spring mounts
与金属橡胶类方案相比，这些支撑件允许更大的位移，从而能够实现 3–6 Hz 之间更低的固有频率。由于这类方案刚度较低，建议将其用于静态应用场合。若同时有稳定性要求，则建议采用抗震弹簧类解决方案。
These supports allow a greater displacement than metal-rubber solutions, allowing to obtain lower natural frequencies of between 3-6Hz. Being solutions with low stiffness, their use is recommended for static applications. If stability is also needed, it is recommended to use anti-seismic spring solutions.
减振支架的布置位置决定了悬挂部件的振动模态。建议各减振支架所承受的载荷应尽可能均匀分布。实现这一目标的一个简便方法是，使各减振支架到重心（COG）的距离保持相等。
将减振支架布置在与重心同一高度的平面上，可提供更稳定的支撑，并能有效抑制悬挂部件的过度位移——对于偏心度较高的设备，这一点尤为重要。由于在多数实际应用中难以完全做到这一点，因此在重心所在平面的上下方（即不同高度）布置减振支架，对于提升系统的稳定性和延长设备使用寿命大有裨益。
The position of the anti vibration mountings determines the vibration modes of the suspended element. An even load distribution of all the anti vibration mountings is advisable. One easy way of obtaining this is by installing the vibration isolators equidistant to the COG (center of gravity).
Vibration isolators at the COG level provide more stable solutions and avoid excessive movement of the suspended elements, particularly on machines with high eccentricity. Since this is not possible in most of the cases, vibration isolators at different height levels crossing the center of gravity can be of great help for stability and longevity purposes.
在环境温度较高的情况下，必须考虑弹性元件的局限性。此外，动态力在作用过程中会因摩擦而在减振器内部产生热量。若应用环境温度超过 60ºC，则必须谨慎选择合适的橡胶配方。AMC-MECANOCAUCHO® 的应用工程师可在实验室中对各类减振器进行计算与测试，以模拟此类工况，并验证减振器的耐受性是否符合要求。
In cases where the surrounding temperature is high, the limitations of the elastic element must be considered. The dynamic forces can also produce internal heat within the mount due to the friction. For an application which exceeds 60ºC a correct selection on the rubber compound must be done. AMC-MECANOCAUCHO® applications engineers can calculate and test in the laboratory different vibration isolators in order to reproduce such conditions and verify if the resistance of the vibration isolator is acceptable.
在车辆选购决策中，振动和噪声水平等“次要”特性正逐渐变得与可靠性等“主要”特性同等重要，甚至更为关键；因此，车辆内部噪声问题也愈发受到重视。车内噪声的来源多种多样，其中一种常见现象是“轰鸣声”（booming noise）。这种现象通常可描述为由结构驱动的低频（低于 200 Hz）声学共振。结构激励通常源自动力总成，或是由路面输入引起的结构响应。
在此类情况下，减振器或许能起到一定的掩盖作用，但由于问题的根源在于结构本身，减振器无法从根本上将其解决。不过，若能合理选用减振器，便可有效衰减传递至车厢内的振动，从而减轻轰鸣效应。对于此类应用，具有低动态刚化特性的橡胶配方尤为适用。
The issue of vehicle interior noise is becoming increasingly important as secondary characteristics such as vibration and sound levels are replacing primary ones such as reliability in vehicle purchasing decisions. Interior noise can come from many different sources, but a common one is booming noise. This phenomena can be generally described as a low frequency (less than 200 Hz) acoustic resonance that is driven by the structure. Structural inputs usually come from either the power train or structural response from road inputs.
In these cases, vibration isolators can mask the problem but they will not be able to resolve the problem as the origin of it is structural. A correctly selected vibration isolator will be able to attenuate the vibration arriving to the vehicle cabin, reducing the boom effect. Rubber compound with low dynamic stiffening properties are especially interesting for these cases.
上述讨论主要基于车厢的理论层面。要真正掌握驾驶室的隔振效果，必须通过实际的物理振动测量来获取经验数据。通过分析这些数据并将其与理论计算结果进行对比，能够不断改进，从而为客户提供更优的解决方案。
The previous considerations have taken into account theoretical aspects of the cabin. Empirical results on vibration isolation on cabs can be only understood by making physical vibration measurements. Understanding this data and contrasting it against the theoretical calculations can allow us to progress and find better solutions for our customers.
-END-
爱泽工业专注对全球高端工业产品的研究及市场应用
为中国制造提供更多权威有效的工业产品及行业讯息
欢迎大家私信感兴趣的内容
或者将您在工业领域遇到的问题留言在下方
我们很乐意为您解答
-文章转载自AMC，由爱泽工业翻译，如有侵权，请联系删除！
-如有偏颇，欢迎指正！
相关信息
推荐产品
在线咨询5分钟应答
