在 60ºC (140ºF) 下，橡胶的蠕变量是 25ºC (80ºF) 下的 2 到 9 倍，具体取决于所用的橡胶配方。

At 60º C (140ºF) the rubber creep is from two to nine times greater than at 25ºC (80ºF) depending on the compound.

减振支架利用橡胶与金属的粘合来实现弹性。然而，根据所受载荷类型的不同，这些支架可能会表现出不同的刚度值。

Anti-vibration mounts use rubber bonded to the metal to achieve an elasticity. However, depending on the type of loading the mounts receive they can exhibit different stiffness values.

“压缩”一词是指弹性元件在外部作用力方向上的尺寸（厚度）减小。受压缩的弹性体表现出非线性（硬化）刚度特性，当应变超过 30% 时，这种硬化现象尤为明显。压缩载荷常用于实现较低的初始刚度（以利于隔振），同时在受到冲击激励时提供较高的最终刚度（以限制动态位移）。由于压缩载荷具有非线性硬化特性，它在储能方面的效率最低；因此，若主要目标是衰减力或加速度的传递，则不建议采用这种加载方式。（任何弹簧所储存的能量，即为载荷-位移曲线下方的面积。）

如上图所示，剪切载荷是指作用于弹性元件上的力，使相邻部分沿相反方向发生相对滑动。弹性体在受剪切时，其弹簧常数在剪切应变达到约 200% 之前几乎保持线性。得益于这种线性的弹簧常数，剪切载荷成为隔振器首选的加载方式；在简单的“弹簧-质量”系统中，无论动态剪切应变大小如何，它都能提供恒定的频率响应。在需要衰减力或加速度传递的冲击隔离应用中，剪切载荷也十分有效，因为与压缩载荷相比，它具有更高的储能效率。

拉伸载荷是指弹性元件在外部作用力方向上的尺寸（厚度）增加。受拉伸的弹性体表现出非线性（软化）的弹簧常数特性。在相同的位移下，拉伸载荷的储能效率高于剪切或压缩载荷。正因如此，拉伸载荷有时会被用于冲击隔离系统。然而，通常不建议采用拉伸载荷，因为它会对弹性体与金属之间的粘接部位产生载荷，可能导致材料过早失效。

当外部施加的载荷导致弹性元件发生弯曲或折叠（且方向垂直于作用力方向）时，即产生屈曲载荷。利用屈曲刚度特性，可以兼具“软化”刚度特性（对应载荷-位移曲线的初始阶段）和“硬化”刚度特性（对应载荷-位移曲线的后续阶段）的优势。因此，屈曲模式能够提供较高的储能能力，非常适用于那些对力和加速度传递有严格要求，且在承受过大的瞬态动态载荷时需要进行限位（即限制运动幅度）的减隔振装置。某些弹性缓冲泡沫材料以及经过特殊设计的弹性隔振器，就表现出这种刚度特性。但需要注意的是，即使是简单的压缩构件，当其长细比（即未受载时的长度与宽度之比）超过 1.6 时，也会发生屈曲。

在实际应用中，上述各类受载方式常被组合使用，从而形成复合的载荷-位移特性。以压缩型隔振器为例，若将其倾斜安装（而非通常的垂直安装），情况便有所不同：当承受垂直向下的载荷时，它表现为压缩-剪切复合型隔振器；而当承受垂直向上的载荷时，它则表现为剪切-拉伸复合型隔振器。

The word compression is used to indicate a reduction in the dimension (thickness) of an elastomeric element in the line of the externally applied force. The stiffness characteristic of elastomers stressed in compression exhibit a nonlinearity (hardening) which becomes especially pronounced for strains above 30 percent. Compression loading is frequently employed to provide a low initial stiffness for vibration isolation and a relatively high final stiffness to limit the dynamic deflection under shock excitations. Because of the nonlinear hardening characteristics of compression loading, it is the least effective type of loading for energy storage and therefore is not recommended where the attenuation of force or acceleration transmission is the primary concern. (The energy stored by any spring is the area under the load-deflection curve.)

Shear loading, illustrated in the above figure, refers to the force applied to an elastomeric element so as to slide adjacent parts in opposite directions. An almost linear spring constant up to about 200 percent shear strain is characteristic of elastomer stress in shear. Because of this linear spring constant, shear loading is the preferred type of loading for vibration isolators because it provides a constant frequency response for both small and large dynamic shear strains in a simple springmass system. Shear loading is also useful for shock isolators where attenuating force or acceleration transmission is important, because of its more efficient energy storage capacity when compared to compression loading.

Tension loading refers to an increase in the dimension (thickness) of an elastomeric element in the line of the externally applied force. Elastomers stressed in tension exhibit a nonlinear (softening) spring constant. For a given deflection, tension loading stores energy more efficiently than either shear or compression loading. Because of this, tension loading has been occasionally used for shock isolation systems. However, in general, tension loading is not recommended because of the resulting loads on the elastomer-to-metal bond, which may cause premature failure of the material.

Buckling loading, occurs when the externally applied load causes an elastomeric element to wrap or bend perpendicular to the applied load. Buckling stiffness characteristics may be used to derive the benefits of both softening stiffness characteristics (for the initial part of the loaddeflection curve) and hardening characteristics (for the later part of the loaddeflection curve). The buckling mode thus provides high energy-storage capacity and is useful for shock isolators where force or acceleration transmission is important and where snubbing (i.e., motion limiting) is required under excessively high transient dynamic loads. This type of stiffness characteristic is exhibited by certain elastomeric cushioning foam materials and by specially designed elastomeric isolators. However, it is important to note that even simple compressive elements will buckle when the slenderness ratio (the unloaded length/width ratio) exceeds 1.6.

Combinations of the types of loading described above are commonly used, which result in combined load-deflection characteristics. Consider, for example a compression type isolator which is installed at an angle instead of in the usual vertical position. Under these conditions, it acts as a compression-shear type of isolator when loaded in the vertical downward direction. When loaded in the vertical upward direction, it acts as a shear-tension combination type of isolator.

减振支架中橡胶部分的成型形状，对其载荷-变形曲线有着重大影响。以下列举了一些示例，说明了支架的形状与设计如何影响其刚度。

The moulded shape of the rubber section of the vibration isolator has a great impact on the load deflection curve of the mount. Below are some examples of how the shape and design of the mount affects the stiffness of the anti-vibration mount.