奶制品中三聚氰胺, 三聚氰酸二酰胺, 三聚氰胺一酰胺和三聚氰酸 的GC-MS-MS分析

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Introduction

In 2007, several pet food manufacturers recalled their products
after finding melamine contamination, which caused serious
illnesses in animals that consumed the food. In a follow up
investigation, the US Food ａnd Drug Administration （FDA） and
the Food Safety ａnd Inspection Service （FSIS） found melamine
and related compounds, cyanuric acid, ammeline ａnd ammelide
（Figure 1）, in various food ａnd feed ingredients, including
bakery meal, pet food, swine, poultry ａnd fish feed （1）. In
September 2008, it was reported that milk products, especially
infant formula, were contaminated with melamine in China.
The melamine sickened at least 60,000 infants across the
country ａnd killed at least 4. Allegedly, melamine was added to
the milk formula ａnd other vegetable protein products, such as
wheat gluten ａnd rice protein, to artificially increase the
apparent protein levels due to its high nitrogen content.
Although melamine itself may have low or no toxicity, it is
believed that melamine ａnd related compounds will form
insoluble crystals in urine, causing kidney stones ａnd eventual
acute renal failure （2）.

Consequently, the US FDA developed a GC/MS method for the
screening ａnd confirmation of melamine ａnd related
compounds （1）. However the method was not evaluated for
quantitative analysis. In this note, we evaluated ａnd developed
a method using the Varian 220-MS ion trap mass spectrometer
（Figure 2） to determine melamine ａnd related compounds
qualitatively ａnd quantitatively based on the framework of the
original FDA method.